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加拿大财会行业系列之 加拿大专业简历 - 实践篇

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛去年开过2次财务专业讲座,并开始给同胞修改简历,有面谈,有电话,有EMAIL交流,看过的大概也有上百份了。已经有好些位同胞反馈,或者找到工作或者有了面试,真的很高兴一点业余时间能够有如此成效。


每份简历面对面要改1小时多,很费时间精力。因为工作越来越忙,非常抱歉见面改简历的活动不能继续了。一直想把一些心得整理成篇,也是因为忙有空才能写一点,正在华枫连载,先整理这些集中发表,请大家给我鼓劲敦促啊。

文中难免会提及简历中各类错误,恳请被引用到的朋友不要介意。有遗漏的地方,也请聊过的朋友来补充提醒。

先自我介绍一下:我移民5年多,1年读电脑,2年MBA,毕业即失业,然后实习,做合同工,目前在财富前50的公司加拿大总部做财务分析师。再说明一点,没有卖弄的意思,事实上我的很多经验是从失败中得来的,知道得比别人多是因为失败的次数多。切身经验,加上修改简历看到的一些共同问题,可能对中国同胞更有针对性。


常识问题
很多共通性问题各类写简历的书上都有提及,我就不多罗索原因了,大家可以参考专门书籍。
有些是我自己摸索出来行之有效的办法,当年编过报纸,对排版罗嗦比较多,不在意这一套的也没关系。

- 绝对不要在简历上写性别,年龄,身高,体重之类个人资料。
- 除非是SENIOR职位,内容不要超过2页。

- 不要把页面设计成五颜六色
- 不要改动DEFAULT边距
- 不要用1种以上字体
- 用2种字体大小:建议12号ARIAL加重作为标题,10号ARIAL做正文。
- 用LETTER SIZE,请记得这里几乎没有用国内A4纸的
- 不要用下划线
- 可以用加重字体来强调重点
- 如果你用中文版WORD,请到图书馆等公共场所配置比较低的电脑上试验一下,肯定ATTACHMENT打开不会乱码,不会有打印错误。
- 尽量避免使用WORD表格
以上一些看似没有意义的讲究,是因为一些公司接到简历是扫描进数据库的,如果你的字体深深浅浅,有下划线,自定义边界,还没等人过目就可能缺胳膊少腿了。


语法
考英语做选择题百发百中跟自己动手写东西完全是两码事。虽然是1、2页的简历,我还真没见过没有语法错误的同胞简历,包括我自己的,看看就捉出几个错。专业工作简历上的语法错误相当致命,一下就暴露了我们ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE的弱点。

几个办法尽量避免语法错误:
- 只使用两种时态:一般过去时,一般现在时。
- 过去的工作经验统统用一般过去时,MANAGED, HELPED, PREPARED, MAINTAINED, ETC。
- 目前正在做的工作全部用一般现在时:WORK, SUPPORT, REVIEW, ANALYZE, RECONCILE, ETC。

- 尽量避免使用从句。中国的英语教学太跟语法较真,以至很多同胞以为使用长长的从句是证明自己英语能力的好办法。老话说多说多错,语言不是我们长项,越卖弄越容易露馅。请尽量用干干净净的短句子,清楚明了,只要用词准确没人会笑话。

- 不要用***, ***, AND ***的并列句式。中文受辞赋影响可以并列很多相近又有微妙不同的分句,从小我们就被鼓励多多堆砌花哨的成语。但在英文里并列句要注意时态、词性各方面的平行,捉襟见肘,一不小心就出错。不如拦腰几刀,全部写成短句。

很多小的语言点非本地人不能领会,请加拿大人看一遍比较保险。找同学,学校CAREER CENTRE,HRDC,哪怕拿着简历到咖啡店找个没事干的本地人老伯伯给瞧瞧也好。


简历的中心思想
小学中学烦透了分析中心思想,自己开始创作这两页纸的人生概括,才觉得先探讨一下中心思想、写作目的是非常必要的。

首先,简历是为谁写?为什么写?
请记得简历是为了雇主或猎头而写,为了打动他们而修饰,而不是给自己写传记。

请你用阅读者的身份审视:10年前的大学奖学金对雇主有意义吗?三好学生,团干部相对工作经验哪个重要?
中国有千年科举制度,读书好就证明够资格做事做官。有些名校毕业的高材生同胞花了大大篇幅列举学业上的成就,却把很强的工作经验一笔带过,是方向性错误:加拿大业界对工作经验远比学术成就感兴趣。

因此改简历要分清重点,对专业工作没有帮助的经历,太久以前的奖励,学校里的成就,该砍的一定要砍。只有专业工作经验可以多多修饰,至少篇幅上应该超过其他部分。

看过有关统计,猎头和公司HR花在浏览简历上的平均时间是:10到15秒!
因此简历实在不需要华丽辞藻。我的看法是:简历要精干,写实质,比如3年工作经验,CGA第四级,熟悉EXCEL ACCESS,什么GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS之类,面试人家一眼就能看出来了,简历里吹嘘再多也是白费劲。

还有一个劝告:请不要提及FLUENT ENGLISH。
交流能力是专业工作的基本条件,本地人会强调自己英语流利吗?这么写不但是画蛇添足,而且给阅读者竖起RED FLAG自暴其短。


Objective
我刚开始写简历的时候对OBJECTIVE也是不甚重视的:上天啊,我不挑剔的,只要给份工作,无论是打字还是CFO都愿意干的!

估计一样想法的同胞很多,有的OBJECTIVE罗列从低到高各种职位,有的把完全不同的专业工作并列。

这可就想错了。专业工作价值就在“专”,加拿大是个成熟稳健的社会,各类分工非常细致。我在大公司做FA,可是自己的税表都看着晕。

申请FA就是FA,DATA ENTRY就写DATA ENTRY,你如果真的觉得自己一专多能,可以准备几个不同版本的简历适应不同需要。千万别把所有东西堆砌在一个版本里,只会让你高不成低不就,让阅读者CONFUSE不知你到底想干什么。

还有一点需要提醒的是,加拿大的各种职位、管理层次和中国有不一致的地方,直译的时候千万小心,有位很年轻的朋友写在中国管理十多名CONTROLLER,他的意思可能是操作员,可是在加拿大CONTROLLER是经理的经理,大公司财务部也不过十来个这类职位,本地人难免以为是吹嘘豁边。再次强调请本地人过目简历的必要性,字面上正确的翻译不一定MAKE SENSE。


量体裁衣
前面的讲究总结起来就是:格式要专业,要标准化
要让阅读者看得轻松,一下就能看到你的最强点,不必通篇乱找。切勿别出心裁,国内那种用个人写真集当简历的极端例子在加拿大是行不通的。

接下去要讲的是:内容要个性化
怎样让自己从大堆求职者中脱颖而出,如何扬长避短又不可有撒谎之嫌,其实有很多被社会默许、打擦边球的小技巧。

AGENT或HR看简历都是飞快打量一遍,要到第一次面试才会逐字逐句跟你计较。因此我觉得简历各部分篇幅如何安排相当要紧,是个心理战的机会。

前面提到,经验比学历重要,工作上的ACHIEVEMENT比学术成就重要。首先,要仔细考虑如何塑造自己的形象:新毕业生?有工作经验的新毕业生?经验丰富的专业人士?

我的建议是有经验可写的尽量把经验写在前,把学历放在后。
我刚毕业时候非常尴尬,国内只有6个月工作经验,读MBA打工却是凑热闹的网页设计,实在没有可写的东西,只能把学历放前面。现在重写简历学历就全列在第二张纸的最后面了。

新移民大部分有国内工作经验,千万不要以为没有用(后面会专题讲),只要专业对口,表述得当,很可能比你的加拿大学位更能打动雇主。

其次说篇幅,即使你是新毕业生不得不把学位放在最前面,也要避免让学校生涯占据太多篇幅。不要一一列举所有奖学金、科目成绩,除非是理工科研究性很强的学位,提一下学位,MAJOR足矣。

工作经验如何剪裁也很要紧。
有关书籍通常建议两种格式:FUNCTIONAL(职能)或者按时间排列

大家可能在WORKSHOP上听过,如果你的职业生涯有重大缺陷比如几年没找到工作,FUNCTIONAL是个掩饰问题的好格式。
事实上根据我的经验,业界并不是那么笨,因为见识过太多此类花招,对FUNCTIONAL格式有本能的反感,一看就怀疑你有什么经历要掩饰起来。有猎头直言不讳对我先生说过:“不要玩花样,给我份干净老实的简历!”

好简历就是能给你带来面试机会,如果有几个月断口一眼不一定会注意到。不如老老实实按工作时间顺序写上去。

工作经验的篇幅原则是最近期的最详细,最专业对口的最详细。
如果有各种苦衷(比如专业不对口,后面也会专题讲),我的建议是哪怕抄点花里胡梢的形容词把篇幅撑足,也不要让人一眼就觉得头重脚轻。


经验篇--中国经验有用论
很多新移民抱怨说加拿大企业不承认中国经验,猎头公司对国内经验不屑一顾。

从一开始我就很难相信这种说法。业界见到太多各国来的新移民落地不久就找到专业工作,毕业后工作最好的国际学生大多也是靠原先的工作经验入行。难道加拿大业界就单单歧视中国经验?

和一些朋友探讨下来,觉得说到底不是中国问题,而是英语和CULTURE问题。

你觉得虚伪也好迷惑也好,加拿大HR和猎头公司通常是多礼到过分的。这里有个CULTURE因素,加拿大提倡POSITIVE,多赞美少批评,就是批评也要极尽婉转,不损伤对方感受为前提。亚洲那种对下属大吼大叫教训的企业文化在欧美管理理论里是大忌。

加拿大人可能觉得说你英语不好是批评你的主观能力,而说你缺乏加拿大经验就比较婉转好听,强调客观原因不至于损伤自尊。其实要是他们真对中国经验毫无兴趣,压根也不会浪费时间请你去面试再挑剔这一条了。一些同胞听了信以为真到网上诉苦,流传越来越广,实在有以讹传讹之嫌。

我只能说,你拿到面试就说明对方认可你的国内专业经验,若你在面试里才听到“中国经验不作数”,如果不是口语问题,就是你的专业表述和加拿大系统不接轨。
只要完善口语,学会用加拿大专业术语描述中国经验,你仍然会有很多机会。这也是我拼命强调做实习的原因之一,后面再专题细说。

并不是瞎乐观,给几位有极强中国外企财会工作经验的朋友改过简历,至少拿到面试没什么问题,也给了我自信说这番话。


抓眼球的SUMMARY
前面说过,HR或AGENT初步浏览花在每份简历上的时间是10-15秒。如何在这短短几眼里抓住观众眼球,一个精当的SUMMARY至关重要。

别的专业我不熟,就从财会专业说起,SUMMARY3点足够。对雇主、猎头最有吸引力的3点:
1. 工作经验
2. 财会DESIGNATION
3. 初中级职位:财会IT系统
高级职位:成功的PROJECT

三点兼备,猎头抢你还来不及。有缺陷,下面是我的一些建议:
1. 国内经验肯定算数,COOP经验绝对重要。SUMMARY一句话不妨写3 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN ACCOUNTING,如果转行的话就写3 YEARS EXPERIENCE WITH LARGE CORPORATIONS,先抓住眼球,后面再慢慢解释。

2. 再大声疾呼一次,财会业DESIGNATION比什么学历都重要,别说DIPLOMA,就是MBA MACC都没用,只有持牌会计师说了算。如果你象我当年一样糊涂毕业前没盘算好考证,找工作时候怎么也得和CA CMA CGA中的一个联系上。否则申请财务分析师之类职位还不如直接把简历送垃圾桶。
再大呼一句:请不要别出心裁,CPA、美国CMA或者英国什么证书在加拿大基本没用。

3. 我以前一个帖子已经说了很多,EXCEL要烂熟于胸,G/L系统,FINANCIAL REPORTING系统, 视大中小型企业,至少要会1、2种。
SENIOR就不多说了,大到公司并购独立组织起新的财务部门,小到建立新的TEMPLATE,都是证明能力的好办法。


SUMMARY - 关于废话
SUMMARY是摘要,不少简历写了一大堆十几点,全是重点等于没有重点。特别是那些明显简历书里抄来的句子,我们觉得辞句华美如获至宝,也要想想你能抄别人也能抄,HR和猎头一天看几十上百份简历,这种翻来覆去人人能说的修饰会多令人倒胃口。

在财会业以上3点都能沾边的话,不需要写任何花里胡梢的形容词,你的个性、办事能力、处事态度都是面试的考核内容,写在纸上不说明任何问题。简历不是写小说,只有扎扎实实的QUALIFICATION才有意义。

只有在QUALIFICATION有重大缺陷实在无法弥补,或者申请的是DATA ENTRY类很JUNIOR的位置,放几句形容词撑篇幅还有点意义。在这类句子中,我觉得最重要的3点:
1. POSITIVE ATTITUDE, TEAM PLAYER。别不信,工作中闹气使性子的太多了,人永远比事更难对付,一个组里有个脾气别扭的同事足顶得上一颗蛀牙折磨全体神经。大多情况下雇主宁愿要一个能和同事合作的庸才而不是孤高的天才。

2. MULTI-TASK。办公室日常工作说实话没什么特别难的事情,一件事不难,两件事不难,难的是一天几十件事堆下来,必须不急不燥分出轻重缓急。大公司FA常SUPPORT一大堆部门,小企业ADMIN要接电话,输发票,乃至复印跑腿所有杂务,能经手得井井有条也是个大本事。

3. TIME MANAGEMENT。办公室工作不象流水线,有DAY TO DAY工作,有临时PROJECT,做事要有计划有弹性,加拿大企业不鼓励加班,8小时内不能完成工作量是很致命的。


KEYWORD - 对付电脑搜索
看到不少简历上写:MICROSOFT OFFICE APPLICATIONS。请不要假设地球人都知道你说的是什么!

要记得HR和猎头通常是用KEY WORD SEARCH来初步过滤候选人,你不清清楚楚列出所有技能,第一关就通不过。千万把所有会的东西罗列在SKILLS里:WORD/EXCEL/ACCESS/OUTLOOK/PPT,VISIO/LOTUS/SAS/COGNOS/KHALIX/HYPERION/PEOPLESOFT/ORACLE/JD Edwards/CODA/Simply Accounting/ACCPAC/Quick Book,想得起来、用过哪怕1小时的统统写上去,茫茫人海中能被搜索到就赢了第一关。

待续......更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
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Replies, comments and Discussions:

  • 工作学习 / 事业与工作 / 加拿大财会行业系列之 加拿大专业简历 - 实践篇
    • 这篇东西实在又有用,我喜欢。顶。
    • Good,Good!!!
    • 预先道个歉,不知为什么ROLIA发过来的EMAIL全落进JUNK MAIL,防不胜防。马上要回国办大事,5月会组织一些非正式活动,到时大家见面好吗 :-)
      • 是结婚吗?:)
        • :-))))
          • GXGX!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
          • 呀呀呀,恭喜恭喜!
          • 记得当年在文学城说有如何如何一个大钻戒云云。。。如今终于往前迈一步了。。。恭喜啊。。。
            • 呵呵,你搞得人家都不好意思了。当年年轻嘛。哈哈。
    • 已经收藏,十分有用,多谢!力顶!
    • 总有一种迷失方向的感觉,现在终于找到前辈了!谢谢!
    • 实在是有用!收藏
    • 看过很多你写的文章很有用,谢谢!
    • It is very useful! Thank you!
    • 有一点不明白,考CGA, CA,或 CMA,必须有至少三年的加拿大工作经验(还要有两年SENIOR POSITION)呀,怎么能在校时就考证了呢?
      • 考证通常要3年以上,一边考一边拿经验是最好的。在校能多考几门工作以后就轻松很多。
        哎,这位MM或DD,我又忍不住要说难听话了,估计我们是校友,学校CAREER CENTRE是不好,自己也得用心做点功课啊。连这个都不清楚,怎么找会计工作?

        给我发个E吧,我们聊聊:-)
        • 发了封信给您,多谢指点!
        • 立即行动,我已经开始报名CGA Program了,起步晚了点,希望能赶上下一学期的课时,谢谢啦!不知怎样找到CGA在网上的studygroup?
        • 先祝贺事业感情双丰收!其次想问“勤学好问”mm能给你发信,我能发信给你吗?说不定咱俩也是校友呢?:D
          • 当然啦!说不定我还是姐姐呢!有空欢迎多切磋!
    • 能不能来个IT简历系列。在这里找电脑工作好难,相信好多问题都是出在简历上。你的文章很好很有帮助,要是有电脑方面的就更好了。
      • 抱歉,隔行如隔山,实在不敢多说 :-)
    • 真是雪中送炭. 发了近三个月的简历, 只有一个回信的. 现在要对我的简历做大手术了. 非常感谢!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    • 纠正:大的award,包括高中数学竞赛第一之类的都要写.老外重视竞赛中获奖的!
    • 拜读了个人专辑,很有帮助,非常感谢:-) 重要的问题大家都在问了,我问个相对题外的,盼指教:
      你在专辑中也提到了学好英文的重要性,能否请问你是如何做的呢?当年入学前英文好吗?是否在上学期间也特别注意对英文水平的提高(尤其针对本专业)、并觉得受益无穷?我移民一年,英文考试成绩不错、但实用比较糟糕,没信心几年后毕业时是否会好。
      • 语言是相通的,我中文写作表达能力相当强,英文语感也比较好。此外读书只求及格,大量时间花在课外活动上,事实证明是正确的选择。
        我T G成绩都一般,学校也很普通,只是中学比较好,初中就有外教,英语老师基本都出国培训过。

        专业英语倒没怎么上心,因为当时凑热闹读MIS没想到会回头做会计。
        花了大量时间竞选MBA学生会,组织学生工作,帮同学建立个人网页,甚至泡酒吧,吸二手烟喝橘子汁当免费司机,就为练口语了解西人思维方式

        我的目标很明确,我是为了找工作读书,不是为了拿A,所以只在功课上花最少的时间
        • HH, 那也叫读书?? 那叫培训.
          • 呵呵,呵呵呵呵呵呵。
        • 不会吧!这么cool! :-)
        • 可以讲讲是怎样的事实证明的,以及这些事实是怎样证明的吗?谢。
        • wow. great woman, really like a cow (Niu woman) .
    • 7y7, 可否向您咨询一个问题??
      最近我一直有看您发过的帖子,还有好多再chinasmile的我也看过了。我现在对自己将来的就业方向很是迷惑。原本是想考cfa的,但看了你发的好多贴子后,看是由于了。我把我的情况大致讲一下,您帮我分析一下好吗?
      我来加拿大已经快五年了,因为年纪小就出来了,所以以前没有什么工作经验。(惭愧)。:(
      我是这里大学本科毕业,主修金融, 副修的数学。因为上学时对ACCOUNTING很是感冒,所以学的accounting课很少。毕业后在这里工作了一年,但是不是相关本专业的工作。现在面临着选择,很是迷惑,我不知道像我现在这种情况,是继续读MBA好呢,还是用这一年多读书的时间,去考什么证书, 比方说cfa,CGA之类的。
      但是我accounting真的是很怕怕,而且我在这里上大学时,学的都是finance的课,如果我要去学CGA什么的,那我不是要补好多ACCOUNTING的课,那我就真的是很不划算阿!!
      我知道这里有好多网友都得到过您的帮助,希望再没有打扰到您的情况下,给我一些您的专业意见,不胜感激!!
      • 我冒充答复一下:-)你还年轻,又有本地教育背景,主修又不错,还是多想想自己的兴趣所长是什么.FINANCE和ACCOUNT是对头,转专业是需要很多付出的,尤其你又对ACCOUNTING感冒.MBA+FINANCE不错,有很多JOB选择的.
        • 那您可不可以讲讲都哟什么样的工作我可以选择!!
          • 给你篇文章看看,别嫌长哦!
            本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Salaries will vary depending upon years of experience and actual job tides; however, compensation for a large number of these careers is often in the six-figure range after five to 10 years of experience have been obtained.

            The list below identifies a number of finance careers and a brief description of the duties associated with them. For more details, go to the Careers in Business website.

            Corporate Finance

            1. Treasurer: Responsible for financial planning, raising funds, cash management, and acquiring and disposing of assets.

            2. Financial Analyst: Determine financial needs, analyse capital budgeting projects, conduct long-range financial planning, analyse possible acquisitions. arid asset sales, visit credit agencies to explain firm's position, work on budgets, analyse competitors, implement financial plans, monitor the market price of your company's securities, analyse leasing agreements, and determine needs and methods of dealing with derivatives.

            3. Credit Manager: Establish policies for granting credit to suppliers, establish guidelines for collecting on credit, and consider whether to securitize receivables.

            4. Cash Manager: Establish relationships with banks, manage short-term credit needs, ensure that sufficient cash is on hand to meet daily needs, put excess cash into a concentration account bearing interest, and handle international transfers of funds.

            5. Benefits Officer: Manage pension fund assets, set up employee retirement plans, determine health care benefits policies, and work with human resources to set up cost-effective employee benefits.

            6. Real Estate Officer: Find real estate locations for a company and negotiate lease agreements. Also responsible for acquisition of real estate and valuation of properties.

            7. Investor Relation Officer: Deal with the investing public by disseminating financial information, respond to queries from institutional investors, issue press releases to explain corporate events, and organize teleconferences with investors.

            8. Controller: Responsible for financial planning, accounting, financial reporting, and cost analysis. Will get involved in property, revenue, benefits, derivatives, leases, and joint interest accounting. May need to develop forecasting models to project revenues and costs. May be called on to implement or work with a complex costing system, financial re-engineering, transfer pricing issues, or interface with auditors.

            Commercial Banking

            1. Credit Analyst: Evaluate business and consumer loan applications made to your bank. Your duties include projecting a company's future cash flow, evaluating its current financial soundness, visiting and interacting with financial people at businesses, and dealing with lenders. You will learn a lot about business in this job.

            2. Loan Officer: Make loans to businesses and consumers.

            3. Branch Manager: Responsible for overseeing all activities at your branch including opening new accounts, loan origination, solving customer problems, foreign exchange, and safety deposit boxes. Most importantly, you are responsible for establishing relations with customers.

            4. Trust Officer: Responsible for delivering trust services, financial products, and advice to bank customers (often more upscale ones).

            5. Mortgage Banker: Responsible for making mortgage loans to homebuyers and businesses. This involves heavy contact with real estate professionals, credit checks, and dealing with new buyers.

            6. Other Jobs: Other jobs in banking involve accounting, marketing and advertising, commercial card operations securities transfer, wire operations, private banking, cash management services, instalment loans, loan servicing, correspondent banking, personnel, operations, and communication.

            Investment Banking

            1. Corporate Finance: Responsible for helping companies raise capital needed for new projects and ongoing operations. Work to determine the amount and structure of funding needed by a client through equity, debt, convertibles, preferred, asset-backs, or derivative securities.

            2. Mergers and Acquisitions: Setting up deals in which one company buys another, an important source of fee income for many investment banks. Responsible for helping out and working with a team that acts as an advisor to a client, values transactions, creatively structures deals, and negotiates favourable terms.

            3. Project Finance: Involves funding infrastructure and capital projects.

            4. Trading: Involves undertaking transactions in equities, bonds, currencies, options, or futures with traders at commercial banks, investment dealers, and large institutional investors.

            5. Structured Finance: Create financing vehicles to redirect cash flows to investors, known as asset-backed securities (ABS). Typical ABSs securitize credit card receivables, auto loan receivables, or mortgages.

            6. Derivatives: Many jobs associated with the sale of management of derivatives, which require substantial knowledge of technical details regarding derivatives and their pricing.

            7. Advisory: Provide advice to the public and to private clients involved in mergers or financing.

            8. Equity and Fixed-Income Research: Analyse stocks and bonds and make buy or sell recommendations based on your analysis.

            9. International Sales/Emerging Markets: Analyse foreign markets and securities within those markets and/or act as a salesperson for investors who wish to invest in these markets.

            10. Public Finance: Assist various government agencies (at the federal, provincial, and municipal levels) in raising funding.

            11. Retail Brokerage (Stockbroker): Involved in selling stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other products to individual investors.

            12. Institutional Sales: Convey information about particular securities to institutional investors (such as pension funds and mutual funds).

            13. Computer Guru: Maintain computer and information systems and assist with the development of software.

            14. Ratings Analyst: Assign credit ratings to the debt instruments of businesses and governments.

            Money Management

            1. Portfolio Manager: Responsible for selecting and managing investments to meet the goals of a group of investors usually working for a money management firm or pension fund.

            2. Portfolio Management Sales: Attempt to attract and maintain clients for a portfolio management company.

            3. Investment Advisory: Provide investment advice, performance evaluation, and quantitative analysis to the money management sector.

            4. Mutual Fund Analyst: Analyse mutual funds and/or the variety of potential investment instruments that might be included in a particular fund.

            Financial Planning

            Financial planners help individuals plan their financial futures, which requires an understanding of investments, taxes, estate planning issues, as well as excellent interpersonal skills.

            Insurance

            1. Actuary: Use analytical skills and techniques to predict the risks associated with writing insurance policies on property, businesses, and people's lives and health.

            2. Agent and Broker: Advise people and organizations on their insurance needs and sell them the appropriate products.

            3. Claims Adjuster: Negotiate claims for people who have experienced a loss that is covered by insurance.

            4. Service Representative: Serve as the link between agents who sell insurance policies and insurance companies that write the policies.

            5. Loss-Control Specialist: Assist in maintaining accidents and losses to a minimum by identifying and helping to eliminate potential hazards and promoting precautionary mechanisms.

            6. Risk Manager: Help organizations to identify the risks they face and make recommendations for dealing with them.

            7. Underwriter: Evaluate applicants' exposure to risk, decide whether they meet minimum acceptable standards, and assist in product pricing.

            Real Estate

            1. Real Estate Agent/Broker: Sales professionals who contract their services to real estate companies for a commission-sharing agreement.

            2. Real Estate Appraisers: Provide unbiased estimates of a property's value and quality, often working for banks or real estate companies.

            3. Property Managers: Manage real estate properties for the owners. Duties include negotiating leases, ensuring tenants are satisfied, and collecting rents.

            4. Real Estate Advisory: Help investors select properties that are likely to increase in value and help them care for their properties.

            5. Development and Construction: Identify the potential for new real estate developments; and work through to the ultimate completion of such projects. A high-risk, high-potential reward career that requires an entrepreneurial flair.

            6. Real Estate Entrepreneur: Buy properties based on the expectations that they will increase in value because of improved market conditions or as a result of planned renovations.

            Venture Capital

            Venture capital firms provide funding (usually in the form of equity and/or long-term convertible debt) to private companies that are unable to obtain adequate financing from traditional channels. The companies they finance are usually in the early stages of their development, and their future is considered risky. Therefore, venture capitalists demand high returns to compensate them for the risk. They also provide business planning and other services to these companies.更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
            • 看过了,他这个只是说具体职位都是做什么的,没说有什么要求啊?而且我想我能做的只是entry level,我想知道多一些这样的信息!
              • 这个就是针对MBA+FINANCE所提供的CAREER OPPORTUNITY呀,贴在我们学校MBA网址上的.你不是拿不定主意要不要念MBA吗?
                • 哦,这回算是找到点方向了,很是感谢啊!!对了,你是哪个学校的啊,那你有想过要过要考什么DESIGNATION吗
                  • 那些是职业方向,还要细分下去的话还有行业方向(不过这个你很难把握,落到哪个行业算哪个吧).
                    我们学校本校在滑铁卢,在金融方面还算强项.不过我读PT,根据我现在的工作选定的方向是MBA中的MERGE&ACQUISITION还有ENTREPRENEAURSHIP,也有不少金融课可选的.原来想再读个CMA但对写报告实在发怵,所以现在打算就这么混着,嘿嘿! 我觉得对于我们这种学的"万金油"型的人来说,与其先拼命攻读什么DESTINATION,不如好好找个工作边做边学,到时候你自然知道自己往哪方面走最合适.我现在还没有拿到任何北美学位和证书,但是已经比我知道的很多完成硕士学业的人找到了更高薪又满意的工作.趁自己年轻,加强工作经验,不要急功近利,慢慢会看到自己成功的一天(我可没说我成功),一起努力加油吧.
                    • 你这还不算成功啊,在我眼中算是很不错了!!嗬嗬!!感觉你和我年纪差不多,我可不可以和你聊聊阿!!我的e-mail:wofeifei@hotmail.com想向您多请教一些经验!!
    • Good Article, Not authoritive
      本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Hello 7y7,

      I really appreciate your article and your efforts.
      However, here are some of my points.

      1. CPA license definitely useful in Canada.
      2. Fortune 500, e.g. Goldman Sachs, if you want to apply for Associate Accountant position ( it is like Senior Analyst, the first entry level is called Financial Analyst, then Associate, then Vice President, then Senior VP), you need to have MBA and CPA degree and you should come from Big 4 only.
      3. Let's assume that a person who worked for US KPMG a couple of years, get MBA degree, get CPA license, then go to Goldman Sachs as a Associate (Once again, like senior analyst), then go to Canada, do you think any Canada company will ignore such resume? Of course not!
      4. My point: As an auditor or accountant, the hightest professional level is to join called Big 4 ( it is used to be called Big 5) Public Accountant firms, then go to anywhere you want. I am in US, I do not know much in Canada. However, I think the best ones still be in Big 4 Canada branches. e.g. Deloitte & Touche, Ernst & Young LLP, KPMG LLP, and PricewaterhouseCoopers.
      5. My recommendation. Yes, it is hard to even get a license, How could we possible to be hired by these big 4 or Goldman Sachs?
      I will talk this matter if someone interested.更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
      • I'm interesting in your comments. I heard the big 4 only hire two kind person. One is very experienced person with very good background. The other is the student just graduated from school. Is it true?
        • My comment
          本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛So far, I know several types of being hired by big 4.
          1. got a pretty decent MBA degree, get very high CPA exam scores! got a couple of years experience from small or middle-size CPA firms.
          2. got a reputable MBA degree, e.g. NYU Stern Business School.
          3. got a reputable MPA degree from universities which Accounting major is ranked among top lines, e.g. Texas University MPA program.
          4. get a chance to do internship work in Big 4, then get an offer.

          One thing I want to point out: do not compare China's CPA with US CPA. People may do not care about your professional experience in China. However, if you said you do not know US CPA or US CPA is nothing or not worth of much in Canada, that means at least you are not coming from the top Big 4 Public Accounting firms.

          Once again, if we are talking about accounting professionals, I think we better starting from Big 4 and Investment Banking firms. Why? again, what is the highest level of accountants? Of couse, CPAs in this global world. Why we need CPAs? one of the two major types of their work is related to auditing Publicly traded companies. Then Merill, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs are in the first lines.更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
    • wonderful~!thanks
    • 想和你聊一聊
      读了你的文章很有感触, 我在大学读第二学位, 是会计, 快毕业了, 才想起要找coop, 或工作. 昨天刚有过面试, 但自我感觉不好, 不到10分钟就结束了. 我在国内银行工作, 可我在国内做的这里用不上, 用上的我语言又表达不好,很糟糕. 很想和你这样的人聊一聊. 你能告诉我你的个人联系方式吗, 或私人e-mail 也行. 谢谢.

      另外请问EXCELL要掌握到什么程度, 什么是G/L 系统, FINANCIAL REPORTING 系统. 我在学校学的都是理论, 不会这些应用系统, 我用去私立学校学么?
      • 抱歉我下月回国度假。5月可能搞些活动,欢迎参加。
        我的专辑里面对EXCELL, G/L, FINANCIAL REPORTING SYSTEM有一些描述,可以去看一下。

        不知DESIGNATION准备得如何?
        没有准备DESIGNATION,不会财务应用系统,基本没有希望找到ANALYST类工作。说实话,现在才想到找工作实在是太晚了,光靠这个学位连DATA ENTRY的工作恐怕都很难找。

        私立学校学的没用,书本上学的和实践经验差距太大,面试保证几句话就问得出来。最有效的办法是做实习。我的旧帖子里说了很多,先去看看好吗?
        • 我也一直在等着您的回复呢!!
          我在这个帖子的中间,向您咨询了一个问题,但您一直也没有回贴,我想一定是您很忙。
        • 想参加, 到时怎么联系了.