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@BC

Why not try US CPA?

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛CFA is US designation not Canadian; but it is internationally recognized.
Why not try US CPA, short time commitment and relatively easier to pass. But you'll ask why taking US CPA while I'm in Canada. Well, if you have much perseverance, CA, CMA or CGA is what you should aim at. Otherwise, consider US CPA. A lot of US companies in Canada or other countries need you to know US GAAP or US tax law for financial reporting, tax filing/planning and etc.
As more and more states have adopted or are going to adopt 150 hour rule, Delaware State's education requirements are still not that stringent. Minimum 2-year associate degree in any major plus 21 semester hours of accounting(Intro, Intermediate, Advanced, Cost, Auditing and US Tax). And it has no experience requirement to get the certificate. Becker Conviser CPA Review is contracted with Buffalo College to offer US Tax in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. You know how many people in Toronto class this summer? 246! A majority of them are South Asians, and Chinese. These people are all sitting in Delaware State. If you add people sitting in other states, you can imagine how many people are working towards CPA.
You'll probably be overwhelmed by having to sit all 4 parts in the initial exam. Starting from 2004, the CPA exams are no longer paper-and-pencil; they will go computerized. And, you can take each part individually in any order. Detailed rules will be published by each state board of accountancy.
US CPA exams are not as difficult as they sound like.更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
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  • 工作学习 / 事业与工作 / 加拿大财会业大观之1----考证及相应职位,薪水,升迁(转)
    本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛写这篇前特意和几个做财会的同学又谈了几次,确认了一些个人感觉。
    我毕业前简直两眼一抹黑,知道的仅仅是教授一些书生气十足的意见,今天写这些望能帮朋友避免些我走过的弯路。也不敢说知道全景,谨希望给同行一些实际的资料做参考。这里的薪水是个人隐私,很少肯告诉别人,我能用的例子不多,当然不比统计资料精确,但都是很可靠的朋友说的近期行内实情。

    加拿大财会的Designation有这几类:CA,CGA,CMA,CFA。

    CGA针对操作性很强的纯会计职位,如A/R A/P的Supervisor。考起来也不算难,但是路途漫长,一级又一级,很多公司要求4级以上。工作也枯燥,传统上无聊乏味的会计岗位就是指这种了,Junior Position基本是做Data Entry,Senior的做J/E,和一点Analysis。CGA的好处是便宜,动手能力强,很受中小企业欢迎。读个半年、1年,可以做起2万5到3万5的职位,工作不难找。缺点是前途有限,CGA在Payroll上一般6万到顶,大公司表现出色的Senior也有PAY到7万5的,极少。
    http://www.cga-canada.org/

    CA也是纯会计,必须在会计师事务所工作才能拿到。会计师事务所可是叫人干活褪层皮的地方,非绝顶聪明+毅力超群的才能坚持到赚大钱的Partner地位。事务所每年都到大学招大批新人,为什么?因为折旧率太高!一般干个3-5年,大部分人拼到证书就退休到大企业做了。审计报告的Dead Line是真的死期,上市公司的报表晚半天也会造成股价剧烈震荡,CA们忙起来10天半个月只能每天睡4小时。Junior们的薪水比起工作量其实少得不成比例,要熬到拿出证书,转投企业才有好日子。高强度、处理各种公司报表的事务所经验非常受大公司欢迎,CA们有实际动手能力,又有综观大局的高度,起薪至少在6万以上。企业财会部门的DIRECTOR MANAGER很多就是CA。
    http://www.cica.ca/cica/cicawebsite.nsf/public/homepage

    CMA为进入管理层铺路,MBA+CMA是比较经典的组合,放眼大中企业财会管理层,最多的就是这类。财会专业的MBA毕业,如没有相关工作经验很难说起薪标准,多少要讲点运气,如有1年以上经验应在4万到4万5,也有同学实习1年后就拿到7万,要看你的实际能力和英语程度。(这里说的都是一般学校一般程度的同行,1流名校的1流学生当然多得多,也就不必看我这小文了,请大家勿见笑)英语流利,动手能力强,有管理能力,CMA晋升中级管理层不是难事,Senior Position和CA的薪水程度相仿。
    CMA的考证相对也比较简单,只要你的本科或硕士是财会专业,把成绩单寄去他们会做免费评估,决定你还需要选多少课。一般总有几门怎么也免不了,CMA就推出一种Accelerate Program,2000加币,每周6上1天课,半年结束,其中4次小测验必须通过3次。这个课程比你一门门选无论是经济、时间上都划算得多,半年搞定,就可以参加考试(1年2次)。通过后再有2年的Leadership Program,这时你必须做财务工作,每年$6000(一般到了这个层次总会有上班的公司替你付帐了,自己付吃不消),做Case Study,就可以稳拿Designation。
    http://www.cma-canada.org

    CFA最难最窄最精最贵,好象很多朋友以为如果不想做枯燥的会计工作,要做Financial Analyst的话就非得考出CFA,这完全是误解。企业里FA和ACCOUNTANT的区别很模糊(下次再写原因),很多纯会计背景的一样有Financial Analyst的Title。在企业工作的同学没有一个继续读CFA(毕业前大家也都以为CFA是FA的必须条件,一蜂窝地考),倒是大多在老板要求下转去攻CMA了。

    CFA其实是非常专门为金融机构设计,企业更喜欢有扎实会计功底的财务分析师,所以CGA CA CMA的就业范围都比CFA广。CFA精,难,考出来如果有银行保险公司的工作会很高薪,但是这些机构都是传统的白人就业领域,因为我们的肤色和英语,哪怕是非常流利的英语只要有口音也注定难有大成就。我在国内也做过银行,刚开始找工作也盯着金融业,实在是门都摸不到。相形之下,企业的财会部门种族色彩就淡得多。

    可以相当负责地说,中国人新移民在银行,特别是投资银行里不但前途有限,且99%可能连门槛都进不了。CFA除了做金融业,就是政府、机构、大企业的TREASURE BOARD。加拿大的金融保险业并不发达,几大银行作风谨小慎微,完全不能和华儿街比。经济情况不好的时候投资银行尤其敏感。有个同学(白人,现在大企业,7万年薪)去年和1美国资本的投资银行面试5次,最后得知因为经济原因职位取消,差点气爆。加的大企业大部分总部在美国,加拿大被视做1个大一点的STATE,TREASURE方面的工作机会亦极其有限,即使是FORTUNE500里的大公司,其加拿大财务部门一般只做REPORTING,FINANCING由美国总部解决。政府工又是公民优先。
    CFA非常占时间精力,毕业前知道10来个朋友考出CFA1级,现在只听说1个进了投资银行的(白人)在继续努力,其他全放弃了。不但浪费很多钱,还浪费了2个月时间找工作。
    http://www.aimr.com/


    再次说明:以上这只是我所知道的一些情况,不一定正确,谨供大家参考。

    实用简历关键词(先写几个想得起来的,其实看看招工广告就知道什么最实用了):
    analysis
    reconciliation
    budgeting
    month end reporting
    variance analysis
    J/E: Journal Entry
    A/R: Account Receivable
    A/R: Account Payable
    G/L: General Ledge
    P/L: Profit and Lost


    下期:
    大公司VS小公司 工作机会
    会计 VS Financial Analyst
    会计工作并不枯燥:IT给行业带来的变化更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
    • 加拿大求职亲历----实用财会篇--之2(转)
      本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛北美各行专业人士一般都有自己的协会,要成为专业财会人员,首先就要取得专业协会的会员证(可打电话问申请步骤)。行会组织考试,维持行规,权利和能量都非常大,还提供很多服务。以CMA为例,它定期不定期举行求职培训,财会招聘会专场,它的主页还有行业内的JOB SEARCH,申请会员后就可享受这些服务。

      加拿大财会的Designation有几类:CA,CGA,CMA,CFA。前两者是纯会计,CMA为进入管理层铺路,CFA最难最窄最精最贵,要在金融行业就职才有意义。

      DESIGNATION是找财会工作的关键,但并不是说要拿到了才能当会计,事实上你要没工作压根也拿不到。一般只要申请了会员,一年几十块,再加认真准备考试,就可以放在简历上,说明正“Actively Involved in *** Program”,找工时候就极有分量了!


      说一下我知道的找工途径:

      同学朋友介绍:至少知道3个同学这样找到的工作,且起薪都很高。
      要注意:熟人介绍之所以成功率高,是因为有他/她个人在公司的地位为你担保,如果公司稍后对新人的表现不满,会直接影响到担保人的信誉。北美专业人士极重职业信誉,如果对你品行能力没有信心,是绝不肯轻易推荐你的。我也在此事上受过教训,原以为代交一下简历是很简单的事,真要拜托人却很难很难。
      因此若不是真正知底的熟人,最好还是不要对此抱太高期望,更不要因此埋怨朋友不肯帮忙----设身处地想想,毕竟没人愿意用自己的前途为别人做牺牲。
      曾有一个同学到多伦多求职,发E给所有校友,语气粗莽,态度简慢,通知大家帮忙给找工作。后来我们发现他只把名字换了换,所有的E都是一样的,再加同学时期和此人并无交往,结果可想而之。
      因此平时就要和同学多联络,尽量参加课余活动,特别是体育活动。西人佩服GYM表现优异,在运动场上打败他们比考场上得第一绝对更能赢得敬意。他们的理论是运动场上最直接表现人的意志力和协作精神,是不是爱偷懒耍滑,是不是独断专行,一场球赛下来就清楚了。EXECTIVE们喜欢高尔夫球场考验彼此,同学间则是运动场,或者酒吧见真情。

      JOB FAIR:知道2个同学这样找到工作。
      一个是学校主办,一个是专业协会举办。我通过学校招聘得到过1个面试,没有下文。
      专业协会举办的JOB FAIR更有针对性,它的会员很多是企业里功成名就、身居高位的本行业人士,自己的行会组织活动自然愿意参加,而且招人比较有诚意。就算没找到工作,跟行业里成功人士谈几分钟也是很宝贵的机会。
      强烈不推荐企业自行举办的JOB FAIR,特别是经济情况不好的时候,这种活动更多是走秀宣传,根本不是真要找人。出名的例子是IBM,每年必办声势浩大的JOB FAIR,去年经济形势不好,它照样著名大学统统邀请到,几千人摩肩接踵,可你只要跟具体经理一谈,就会发现它近期根本没有用人计划。

      AGENT:HEADHUNTER做的是没本买卖,因此公司、具体代理的口碑、行业内人气极其重要。
      虽然AGENT没有帮我找到正式工作,但是确实有几个非常好的,提供了大企业的面试,给过有用的建议,非常感激他们的帮助。

      以下是几个和代理人打交道几个要点:
      1. 找专业协会推荐,或有合作关系的公司。AGENT靠的是广泛的行业内线,和用人经理的关系,因此它本身素质非常重要。很多公司根本不公开招聘,只找几个它信得过的AGENT悄悄通个气,因此AGENT是通向HIDDEN JOB MARKET的桥梁,绝不可轻视。

      2. 找适合自己需要的公司。HEADHUNTER分工很细,例如ROBERT HALF是财会业著名的猎头公司,它旗下的ACCOUNTEMPS则专司TEMPORARY、CONTRACT工作。对缺乏经验的新移民、新毕业生来说,这是积累经验,争取PERMANENT POSITION的重要途径。有1个同学在ACCOUNTEMPS做了1年,3个公司,拿到了1个著名大公司的正式工作。我也通过它做了2个多月CONTRACT后拿到了正式OFFER,虽然没接受。

      3.请行业内人士介绍可靠的AGENT。一个SENIOR FINANCIAL ANALYST说如果她被裁员,她保持联系的HEADHUNTER保证2个星期内给她找好另一份工作。居安思危,经常和信任的AGENT打电话,聊天通报一下职业进展,讨论职业前景,保持些PERSONNAL RELATIONSHIP,会非常有帮助。

      4.什么是好AGENT。毫无疑问HEADHUNTER要努力的是争取利润,但作为专业人员,他们应该具备认人眼光,对行业和行情的了解,他们有义务指点你修改简历,认清自己缺点和长处,告诉你业界真实行情,帮助你准备面试,甚至保持一些私人联系。人脉是AGENT最紧要的资源,谁知道你哪日会成为业界经理,或者在工作3、5年获得DESIGNATION后想换工作,都是AGENT寻找的好机会。好的AGENT一旦认准你的潜力,无论成功与否,都会经常和你保持联系,不但对介绍费,也对你本人的职业生涯表示关注。

      5.AGENT怎样赚钱。加拿大的HEADHUNTER一般是介绍成功后从雇主手里得到你年收入的15%,因此如果你的目标是3万以下的职位,大部分的正规公司是不会对你产生兴趣的。

      6.AGENT最感兴趣的人物。一般说来,如果你有了财会专业的BBA,MBA学位之一,任何一种财会DESIGNATION,3年以上专业经验(都得是北美本地获得),只需一个电话,AGENT一定会对你大有兴趣,甚至纠缠不已。如果缺少一、两样,你则必须CONVINCE他你深具潜力,知恩图报,正努力开拓职业。他们也会愿意把你作为潜在客户关心。

      7.怎样充分利用AGENT的帮助。和HEADHUNTER面试的时候,务必一丝不苟,比正式面试更严谨。他们都是看人看相的专业人士,往往在几秒内可以判定你身价几何,值得他们付出多少时间。因此,面试时务必衣着100% BUSINESS LOOKING,全套客气问候,握手要有力镇定,对自己的简历表现透彻完全的理解,对个性特长能完整详尽叙述,对缺点弱点也不要隐晦,应认真向他们请教如何扬长避短,设计职业前景。只要他们对你的将来有信心,是会帮助你进一步包装准备,向雇主推销的。
      此外和AGENT的面试也是你练习面试英语、技巧的一个好机会,与其在雇主前失败,不如多和HEADHUNTER练习几次,即使英语不好,许多遍描述自己下来,自述用的那点英文也应该过关了。

      我刚毕业时候找HEADHUNTER,一个回音都没有。实习半年后,HEADHUNTER愿意面试我了。再做了一个CONTRACT,有HEADHUNTER在网上找到我的简历,主动打电话约谈。这时候形势倒转,不是行业有名的、没有提供具体工作的HEADHUNTER我不再请假去面试,面试过我的则不断打电话来通报新的机会问我是否有兴趣。

      综合朋友的经历,可以这么说,只要HEADHUNTER对你发生兴趣,说明你已经具备了找到好工作、为他们创造利润的大部分条件。一旦HEADHUNTER开始高频率给你电话、面试,你离成功已经很近很近了!


      我在半年前由一个HEADHUNTER接待,尽管工作经验太少,但面试表现出色(面试技巧心得改日再写),她第二天就给我安排了1个大公司的面试。惭愧,我确实是工作经验不足,完美的面试不能掩盖实践知识的缺乏。但过后尽管沮丧,还是给她去电诚恳地告诉她我的问题。此后半年里这个公司给我打过很多次电话,有的是工作机会,有的只是问候我目前工作情况。虽然都没下文,但她的专业态度是我接触过最好的。因为是个人,不方便把信息放在网上,有兴趣的朋友可以给我来E索要她的电话和E。(这个公司的目标层比较高,一般服务年薪4万以上职位。)



      另有几句题外话,作为新移民,又在目前的经济下找工作,是个漫长痛苦的过程,期间的期待、沮丧、怀疑、失落难以用笔墨描述,也是最容易因此和家人产生矛盾的阶段。想提醒一句,如果你正处在找工作的失望焦虑中,请不要把无名火泄向家人;如果你有家人正在找工作,也请多给他/她支持和信心。愿朋友们经常告诫自己,事业不等于你的全部生活和价值,爱你、支持你的永远是家人,爱人。相信你的能力,一切都会好起来的,GOOD LUCK!

      http://www.accountemps.com
      这家专介绍短期合同工,盘剥得很厉害,是直接从你的工资里扣钱。但是对新移民和新毕业生来说,可以从中取得重要加拿大经验,可以尝试不同岗位,还是强烈推荐一试。


      下期预告:从一些朋友的问题里感觉对财务工作的种类,各种岗位的需求量并不是很清楚。下篇打算详尽写CGA CA CMA CFA的适用职位,薪水范围,加拿大银行、企业对会计和财务人员的不同期望,FINANCIAL ANALYST和ACCOUNTANT的区别。有这方面问题的朋友请上贴提个醒,我好一起写:-)
      我只是从一些个人经验和同学亲历写来,不一定正确,谨供大家参考。更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
    • HOHO,我的起薪就会6万吗?@_@
      • 做梦!做美梦!做白日梦!做春秋大梦! :P
        • 55555555,那你这不是逗人玩嘛.
    • Excellent article! Continue pls., Thanks.
    • I don't totally agree with you.
      本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛I am a CGA and I don't agree with what you said about CGAs. I believe you undervalued CGAs. If you are currently living in Eastern Canada, I can understand why you came to such conclusion. CGAs are not as poplular as CAs or CMAs over the East. But over the West, things are different. Here at the West, CGAs are working at various industries and goverment agencis. CGAs are not just doing "data entries", but performing other tasks such as, budget preparation, financial reporting, risk analysis, system intergration, corporate tax preparation, etc,etc. Even when you are not in "Senior" positions, you are able to be involevd in these activities simple because you are a CGA. Salary wise, $60k is not the top line. You can get higher than that even when you are not in manager position.
      As the same as CAs and CMAs, CGA is not easy to obtain. It's a long process, but the other two also take long time to finish. For example, to get your CMA designation, you need to have a bachelor in accouting or business related in Canada. This takes four years. After you graduate, you might need to take a couple of more as well as the CMA entrance exam. This will take another 1 to 2 years depending on each person. After you pass the entrance exam, it will be another 2 years of "Professional Program" if you are lucky because if you fail any of the six or seven modules within the program, you have to restart from the one you failed. It will take about the same amount of time to become a CGA or CA as well. By all means, none of these designations is easy to accomplish. If you want to be a CA, even tougher.
      Jobwise, my opinion is when economy is in better shape, it's easy to find a job regardless what you are. However, when it's in downturn, it's hard for anybody.
      The above is just my humble opinion. Don't be offended!更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
      • 这篇文章是我从别处辗转转来的,我也认为作者(似乎是个CMA学生哦:P)对CGA的评价有偏颇之处。不过文章是很用心写的好文章。谢谢cowgirl的补充!^_^
      • We should not disguss CA and CGA/CMA together. They are basically different things. CGAs can't perform public auditing, which is main job of public accounting. CGAs are for industrial accounting, CAs are for both.
        • It's not true!
          For your information, CGAs CAN perform public accounting, including auditing. There are CGA based public accounting firms across Canada. If you don't believe it, check the CGA website: www.cga-canada.org.
          • 可以问一下为什么加拿大三个证券交易所上的公司没有一家用CGA做ACCOUNTING的? 你在学CGA当然把CGA吹上天啦, 要不然多没有面子
            • Interesting point!
              Oh yeah!
              To correct you first, I am not a CGA student, but a CGA Member! I believe I know more than you do. If you are jealous about what I have now, then pity you!
              I won't discriminate any accounting body exiting in Canada. If you don't think CGA is for you, then dont' even go there.
              Plus, do some research before you actually speak or write.
              If my opinion offends you, I am sorry.
              • Gig deal being a CGA member girl? No reason to get so excited and personal. We are all friends here, or aren't we?
          • It is true my friend. CGAs don't have the privilage to sign off auditing reports. Only CAs do. CGAs can be staff accountants for public auditing, they just can't sign off their name on a audit report. Cheers.
            • It will be my last reply to any of further discussion.
              I only want to add my two cents on this topic. I have no desire either to defend myself or offend anyone. All I am trying to do is to clarify some of confusions. I certainly didn't expect anyone agree with me. Understandable!
              I don't want to repeat myself since I've said enough.
              Just would like to wish anyone over Eastern Canada has the desire to become a professional accountant good luck and a prosperous life!
              Cheers!
              • Cool down my friend. No body is trying to challange you. We are just sharing information with people who are not in this industry but want to know more about it. That's all.
                There is nothing wrong with CGAs, but everyone has his limits right? CAs can't act like an engineer, it's that simple.
            • see #682655、 #682708 、#682853 please.
      • hi,cowgirl,欢迎你有空到CGA中国学生的论坛坐坐:
    • Very informative! Please keep on posting.
    • Why not try US CPA?
      本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛CFA is US designation not Canadian; but it is internationally recognized.
      Why not try US CPA, short time commitment and relatively easier to pass. But you'll ask why taking US CPA while I'm in Canada. Well, if you have much perseverance, CA, CMA or CGA is what you should aim at. Otherwise, consider US CPA. A lot of US companies in Canada or other countries need you to know US GAAP or US tax law for financial reporting, tax filing/planning and etc.
      As more and more states have adopted or are going to adopt 150 hour rule, Delaware State's education requirements are still not that stringent. Minimum 2-year associate degree in any major plus 21 semester hours of accounting(Intro, Intermediate, Advanced, Cost, Auditing and US Tax). And it has no experience requirement to get the certificate. Becker Conviser CPA Review is contracted with Buffalo College to offer US Tax in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. You know how many people in Toronto class this summer? 246! A majority of them are South Asians, and Chinese. These people are all sitting in Delaware State. If you add people sitting in other states, you can imagine how many people are working towards CPA.
      You'll probably be overwhelmed by having to sit all 4 parts in the initial exam. Starting from 2004, the CPA exams are no longer paper-and-pencil; they will go computerized. And, you can take each part individually in any order. Detailed rules will be published by each state board of accountancy.
      US CPA exams are not as difficult as they sound like.更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
    • 会计真是一个好专业!!!收入高,有前途,俺现在转行还来得及?
      • 不小心英明了一下, 当初LP改学ACCOUNTING多么正确.学一年多就工作了.
        • Did she go to university or college? Thanks
          • York U.
            • So you mean that she got the job even when she was a student? How long is the program for her? Thanks again.
      • When a career ,which could be easy and high salary,is interested by most Chese, it will become another bubble.
    • 代表行外人问一句,CFP又有什么特点?
    • Come in